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^[1] The empirical basis of this paper comes from the New Zealand portion of the ICSEY project. All collaborators of the project are gratefully acknowledged. Other members of the group are: Australia (W. Karnilowicz, C. Leung, R. Pe-Pua, R. Rooney & D. Sang); Canada (J. Berry & K. Kwak); Finland (K. Liebkind); France (C. Sabatier); Germany (P. Schmitz); Israel (G. Horenczyk); the Netherlands (F. van de Vijver & P. Vedder); Norway (D. Sam); Portugal (F. Neto); Sweden (E. Virta & C. Westin); United Kingdom (L. Robinson) and United States (J. Phinney).

^[2] The terms "national" and "migrant" youth are somewhat arbitrary in that it is highly debatable at which point migrants come to be viewed as members of established ethno-cultural communities that are part of the national group. However, in this research, a pragmatic approach was taken. Māori and New Zealand Europeans were identified as charter groups of the receiving society in light of the country's bicultural heritage, and consistent with the ICSEY project were labelled "nationals." While third and later generations of ethnic minorities could, in principle, be incorporated into the national group, this presents certain problems. First, the national and migrant versions of the survey were not identical. Second, there were only 36 research participants that could be identified as later generation migrant youth, and the composition of their ethnic backgrounds was not in proportion to population distributions. Obviously, the arbitrariness of the migrant and national designations should be borne in mind when interpreting the results.