Appendix 2: Definitions used in this study

Note the following standard definitions are used in this paper:

• Participation rate means proportion of the working-age population that is in the labour force.
• Employment means in paid employment for more than one hour a week in the reference period.
• Unemployment rate means the proportion of the labour force that is unemployed.
• Ethnicity is self-perceived and people can belong to more than one ethnic group. In the HLFS, people with multiple responses to the ethnicity question are assigned to one ethnic group using this prioritisation: Maori; Pacific Peoples; Other ethnic groups; European.