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^[1] Most of the information in this section is drawn from Department of International Protection (2004) Resettlement Handbook UNHCR: Geneva

^[2] The principle of non-refoulement was first laid out in 1954 in the UN Convention relating to the Status of Refugees which, in Article 33(1), provides that "No Contracting State shall expel or return ('refouler') a refugee in any manner whatsoever to the frontiers of territories where his life or freedom would be threatened on account of his race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion."

^[3] This project is being undertaken during 2007.

^[4] The International Organisation for Migration (IOM) was established in 1951 as an intergovernmental organisation to resettle European displaced persons, refugees and migrants. One-hundred-and-ten states are members of the IOM. A further 30 states, intergovernmental and non-governmental organisations have observer status at the IOM. The IOM has over 5,000 members of staff and 220 field offices worldwide. The IOM's mandate is:

. to help ensure the orderly flow of international migrants

. to promote international cooperation on migration issues

. to aid in the search for practical solutions to migration problems

. to contribute to international solidarity by providing humanitarian assistance to people in need.

The organisation's constitution, updated in 1989, highlights a number of fundamental principles, including explicit recognition of the link between migration and economic, social and cultural development as well as the principle of free movement of persons.

^[5] This paper attempts to set up a system of benchmarking to measure the success of integration policies in Europe. It makes no specific mention of refugees but does present different perspectives on measuring "integration", and gives information on sources, initiatives, issues and measures being used in different European countries.

^[6] The information in this section is drawn from Department of International Protection (2004) Resettlement Handbook UNHCR: Geneva, and from Canadian Council for Refugees (2004) Supporting Next Steps in Integration Initiatives: An Inventory of Opportunities and Needs in the Integration of Resettled Refugees www.unhcr.org/protect/3d4545984.html

^[7] A mandate refugee is a person in their own country, or in a third country, who has been recognised as a refugee, and given protection, by UNHCR. Such a person may also be recognised as a refugee and given asylum by a host country without this affecting their mandate refugee status.

^[8] The information in this section is largely drawn from papers prepared by each government for the Department of International Protection Resettlement Handbook, published by the UNHCR. It is available on www.unhcr.org/protect/3d4545984.html. Many chapters on specific countries have been updated since 2004. Other material has been included where available.

^[9] Or a nominated organisation, such as UNHCR in the case of emergency referrals, where it is not logistically or economically viable for the refugee quota officer to interview the refugee themselves.

^[10] This replaces the National Integrated Settlement Strategy.