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Dorfox

Dorfox meets the standard: Gender-inclusive Job Evaluation

Contents

Introduction

This is the first case study to look at compliance with New Zealand Standard NZS 8007:2006 Gender-inclusive Job Evaluation. The Gender-inclusive Job Evaluation Standard (NZS 8007:2006) is a voluntary standard developed by Standards New Zealand through a Standards Development Committee of job evaluation providers, equity advisors, the Human Resources Institute of New Zealand, employer groups, and unions from the public and private sectors. How the Standard is met needs to be demonstrated for each job evaluation project or process, since the Standard deals with both scheme design and how job evaluation is carried out.

This case study for Dorfox Foundation (a fictitious organisation) is based on the experiences of a real organisation complying with NZS8007:2006 during the period November 2007 - March 2008. It demonstrates how the job evaluation process employed by the Dorfox Foundation met the Standard's requirements. This case study is intended as a resource for organisations undertaking a gender-inclusive job evaluation process.

Included in the case study is the compliance report and appendices with examples of the documentation required to support the full compliance of the project with the Standard (including project plan, statement by project leader, statement by consultant, consultant memorandum on gender-inclusiveness of Dibble system, project plan - supplement on gender bias training, project report supplement and the review process).

The format for the compliance report included as part of this case study has been developed in consultation with the Standard's original committee. Its main objective is to provide a framework for demonstrating how the requirements of the Standard will be, are being, and/or have been met in a particular job evaluation project. The compliance report includes references to relevant materials on job evaluation and gender bias that have been collected in the Pay and Employment Equity Unit's Gender Bias in Job Evaluation: A Resource Collection.

Note: Numbers used as part of headings in this case study refer to the relevant clauses of the Gender-inclusive Job Evaluation Standard.

Further information

Further information including a link to how to purchase copies of the Gender-inclusive Job Evaluation Standard is available on the website: http://www.dol.govt.nz/services/Pay
AndEmploymentEquity/resources/index.asp

Resources such as Gender Bias in Job Evaluation: A Resource Collection and A Guide to the Gender-inclusive Job Evaluation Standard NZS 8007:2006 are available directly from the Pay and Employment Equity Unit (phone 04 915 4433 or email equity@dol.govt.nz.)

Compliance report

Purpose

The Gender-inclusive Job Evaluation Standard is a voluntary standard developed by Standards New Zealand through a Standards Development Committee of job evaluation providers, equity advisors, the Human Resources Institute of New Zealand, employer groups, and unions from the public and private sectors.

How the Standard is met needs to be demonstrated for each job evaluation project, since the Standard deals with both scheme design and about how job evaluation is carried out.

The format for this report has been developed in consultation with the Standard's original committee. Its main objective is to provide a framework for demonstrating how the requirements of the Standard will be, are being, and/or have been met in a particular job evaluation project.

This report includes references to relevant materials on job evaluation and gender bias that have been collected in the Pay and Employment Equity Unit's Gender Bias in Job Evaluation: A Resource Collection.

Demonstrating meeting the Standard

This report aims to show how the job evaluation process employed by the Dorfox Foundation meets the Standard's requirements

3.3 Planning the job evaluation project

Overview

Taking time to plan the job evaluation project helps to ensure that it will include all the information and resources everyone needs to participate effectively. If shortcuts are taken, there is a risk of overlooking steps crucial to ensuring the job evaluation process achieves its gender equity objectives.

Outcome

The job evaluation project plan sets out how gender bias will be avoided.

Recommended readings

Section 2 Issues Definition (p. 14) and section 3 Planning and preparing for the job evaluation project (p.18) and Appendix B - Roles and responsibilities of committee members (p34) in Gender-inclusive Job Evaluation Standard

See section 3.3 in Gender Bias in Job Evaluation: A Resource Collection

Planning the job evaluation project – actions required
Reference Action required for compliance Actions to demonstrate requirement (This section may contain recommended readings, suggestions or helpful hints for requirements. Delete this text and replace with your actions to demonstrate how requirements are met) Who When Completed Where Documented
3.3.1.2 (a) There is a written project plan. Project plan to be provided to management. XX 12/07 Plan
3.3.1.2 (b) The project plan establishes gender equity principles and practice for all stages of the project, including communication, design, documentation, implementation, appeals and reviews of appeals, and monitoring remuneration outcomes. Project plan to include a statement setting out the gender equity principles and practices for the project. XX 12/07 Plan
3.3.1.2 (c) Key people (for example, from unions and management) are jointly involved in deciding how the job evaluation project will be carried out. Management and union representatives participate in steering committee. Statement to this effect appended to project plan. YY 12/07 Project leader statement
3.3.1.2 (d) All participants in the job evaluation process (for example, data gatherers, evaluators and committee or group members) are trained to recognise and avoid gender bias. Training can be provided in various formats including training courses, publications and briefings. Consultant to provide materials on gender bias issues as a supplement to the project plan. Materials provided to all participants in project. XX 12/07 Plan supplement
3.3.1.2 (e) There is an up to date operating guide that describes the job evaluation process. The guide explains the design process and procedures for each step in the process, and the gender equity objectives and checks. Project plan to include description of process. XX 12/07 Plan

3.4 Participants in the job evaluation project

Overview

The size and scope of the job evaluation project affect how it is conducted and who is involved. Representative committees can make a valuable contribution where a wide range of jobs are being evaluated or where a new job evaluation scheme is being introduced. Smaller scale job evaluation projects (for example, where a few jobs are being evaluated or re-evaluated) may involve internal staff or external job evaluation consultants.

3.4.2 Committee or groups

Overview

A job evaluation project may use committees or groups. Involving a range of people can help participants to understand the jobs and identify any occurrences of gender bias. The size of the group or committee will be determined by the size of the organisation(s) involved, the scope of the project and the range of jobs covered.

Outcome

Committee or group members are selected on a fair and clearly stated basis.

Recommended readings

Appendix B - Roles and responsibilities of committee members (p34) in Gender-inclusive Job Evaluation Standard

See section 3.4 in Gender Bias in Job Evaluation: a Resource Collection

Committee or groups – actions required
Reference Action required for compliance Actions to demonstrate requirement (This section may contain recommended readings, suggestions or helpful hints for requirements. Delete this text and replace with your actions to demonstrate how requirements are met)) Whom When Completed Where Documented
3.4.2.2 (a) The project plan details reasons for electing to use or not use a committee or group. Role of committee to be clarified in attachment to plan. XX 12/07 Plan
3.4.2.2 (b) The gender ratio of any committee or group used broadly reflects that of the job holders covered by the project, as far as practicable. Project participants to be identified in attachment to plan. YY 12/07 Project leader statement
3.4.2.2 (c) Committee members are drawn from a range of job levels. Project participants to be identified in attachment to plan. YY 12/07 Project leader statement
3.4.2.2 (d) Committee or group members receive training for their roles. This includes training on the job evaluation scheme, its implementation process, and its gender equity objectives. Consultant to provide appropriate training in the methodology as part of the Project. Training to be provided during review of provisional scores. XX 2/08 Plan
3.4.2.2 (e) Women and men, as practicable, have the opportunity to chair committees or groups. Not practicable in this project as clarified in attachment to plan. YY N/A Project leader statement

3.4.3 Job evaluation consultants

Overview

The size and scope of the job evaluation project will affect how it is conducted and who is involved. Representative committees can make a valuable contribution where a wide range of jobs is being evaluated or where a new job evaluation scheme is being introduced. Smaller scale job evaluation projects (for example, where a few jobs are being evaluated or re-evaluated) may involve internal staff or external job evaluation consultants.

Outcome

Job evaluation consultants demonstrate a thorough understanding of how gender bias occurs in job evaluation and how to avoid or minimise it.

Recommended readings and tools

See Using external advisers (page 14) and the use of external consultants (page 29) in Gender Bias in Job Evaluation: A Resource Collection

Job evaluations – actions required
Reference Action required for compliance Actions to demonstrate requirement (This section may contain recommended readings, suggestions or helpful hints for requirements. Delete this text and replace with your actions to demonstrate how requirements are met) Whom When Completed Where Documented
3.4.3.2 (a) Demonstrate an understanding of gender bias and how to avoid it. Consultant to provide attestation to this effect. XX 12/07 Consultant statement
3.4.3.2 (b) Are able to train participants in the job evaluation project on gender equity objectives. Consultant to provide attestation to this effect. XX 12/07 Consultant statement
3.4.3.2 (c) Actively monitor and review the project and document the processes in relation to gender bias, as provided in this Standard. Consultant to provide report of review at conclusion of project. XX 3/08 Project report supplement

3.5 Selection of job evaluation schemes

Overview

The capacity of job evaluation schemes to analyse different types of work (including service sector and human services work) is varied. Whether job evaluation schemes fully and fairly capture and analyse different types of jobs can have gender implications, particularly where jobs are mainly held by women or men. When choosing a job evaluation scheme important considerations include:

(a) Do the factors capture important similarities and differences between the jobs being evaluated? and

(b) What is the effect of weightings (implicit and explicit, preset or tailored) on the rankings of jobs mainly held by women or men?

3.5.2 Selection Criteria

Outcome

Evidence can be provided that the job evaluation scheme selected meets this Standard.

Recommended readings and tools

See Section 3.5.2 in Gender Bias in Job Evaluation: A Resource Collection

Using the checklists included in this reading to develop the project plan assists to demonstrate that the Standard is met.

Selection criteria – actions required
Reference Action required for compliance Actions to demonstrate requirement Whom When Completed Where Documented
3.5.2.2 The project plan outlines how this Standard will be met. Consultant to provide statement attesting to the compliance of the job evaluation scheme with the Standard. XX 12/07 Consultant memo re job evaluation plan

3.5.3 Factors

Outcome

Factors and levels selected fully and fairly measure all jobs being evaluated.

Recommended readings and tools

See section 2.3 Managing the risk of gender bias (p.14) in Gender-inclusive Job Evaluation Standard

See section 3.5.3 Factors and 3.5.4 Factor weightings in Gender Bias in Job Evaluation: A Resource Collection

Factors – actions required
Reference Action required for compliance Actions to demonstrate requirement (This section contains recommended readings, suggestions or helpful hints for requirements. Delete this text and replace with your actions to demonstrate how requirements are met) Whom When Completed Where Documented
3.5.3.2 (a) Provide important and acceptable criteria for ranking jobs. Project plan includes clarification of compliance. XX 12/07 Plan
3.5.3.2 (b) Are defined in levels that differentiate between jobs. Project plan includes clarification of compliance. XX 12/07 Plan
3.5.3.2 (c) Are explained to the job holders covered by the project. Project plan includes clarification of compliance. XX 12/07 Plan
3.5.3.2 (d) Are comprehensive, and minimise double counting. Project plan includes clarification of compliance. XX 12/07 Plan
3.5.3.2 (e) Can measure the characteristics of all the jobs being evaluated. Project plan includes clarification of compliance. XX 12/07 Plan

3.5.4 Factor Weightings

Outcome

The operating guide defines weightings that will be applied to the factors, and the effects on the scores for jobs mainly held by women or men can be justified.

Recommended readings and tools

See section 2.7 Issues Definition on Weightings (p.17) in Gender-inclusive Job Evaluation Standard

See Section 3.5.3 Factors and 3.5.4 Factor Weightings in Gender Bias in Job Evaluation: A Resource Collection

Factor weightings – actions required
Reference Action required for compliance Actions to demonstrate requirement Whom When Completed Where Documented
3.5.4.2 (a) The guide includes details of:(i) The factor weightings(ii) The rationale for selecting those weightings (whether tailored or preset)(iii) Any implicit weighting of factors because of the number of factor levels Project plan includes clarification of compliance. XX 12/07 Plan
3.5.4.2 (b) The effects of tailoring weightings are assessed in relation to the gender equity objectives of the job evaluation project. No tailoring of factors will be undertaken in the project. XX 12/07 Plan
3.5.4.2 (c) Factors that are exclusive to jobs mainly held by women or men are not given either very high or very low weightings. Project plan includes clarification of compliance. XX 12/07 Plan
3.5.4.2 (d) Any preset or tailored weightings can be justified from a gender equity perspective. Project plan includes clarification of compliance. XX 12/07 Plan
3.5.4.2 (e) The gender impact of the weightings is regularly tested and outcomes documented. Project plan includes clarification of compliance. Consultant to provide report on impact of weighting in this exercise at conclusion of project. XX 12/07 Plan

3.6 Jobs included in job evaluation

Overview

The jobs selected for evaluation should be representative of the jobs covered in the project and represent the range of work performed. It is important to include jobs with unique characteristics and jobs predominantly occupied by one gender, even if the overall numbers are small.

3.6.2 Jobs included in job evaluation

Outcome

The sample of jobs selected represents the full range of the work that is carried out.

Recommended readings and tools

See Section 2 Issues Definition on Job selection in Gender-inclusive Job Evaluation Standard

See section 3.6 Jobs Included in Job evaluation in Gender Bias in Job Evaluation: A Resource Collection

Jobs included in job evaluation – actions required
Reference Action required for compliance Actions to demonstrate requirement (This section contains recommended readings, suggestions or helpful hints for requirements. Delete this text and replace with your actions to demonstrate how requirements are met) Whom When Completed Where Documented
3.6.2.2 (a) Jobs mainly held by women or men, even where the numbers are small Project leader to provide statement attesting to compliance. YY 12/07 Project leader statement
3.6.2.2 (b) Mixed-gender jobs Project leader to provide statement attesting to compliance. YY 12/07 Project leader statement
3.6.2.2 (c) A range of job types and features Project leader to provide statement attesting to compliance. YY 12/07 Project leader statement
3.6.2.2 (d) Jobs with unique characteristics Project leader to provide statement attesting to compliance. YY 12/07 Project leader statement
3.6.2.2 (e) Jobs where there are gender or job sizing concerns, as appropriate. Project leader to provide statement attesting to compliance. YY 12/07 Project leader statement

3.7 Job information

Overview

Gender bias can occur when data is being gathered or analysed (including in questionnaires, interviews, work observation or focus groups). Job holders and/or their managers will be better able to provide quality job information when the information gathering process covers the range and contribution of the job and its purpose, accountabilities and outcomes.

3.7.2 Collection and documentation of job information

Outcome

Current and relevant job information is collected for the job evaluation process.

Recommended readings and tools

See Section 2 Issues definition on Job descriptions (page 16) and 3.7.2.3 Guidance on the collection and documentation of job information in Gender-inclusive Job Evaluation Standard

See section 3.7 Job information in Gender Bias in Job Evaluation: A Resource Collection

Collection and documentation of job information – actions required
Reference Action required for compliance Actions to demonstrate requirement (This section contains recommended readings, suggestions or helpful hints for requirements. Delete this text and replace with your actions to demonstrate how requirements are met) Whom When Completed Where Documented
3.7.2.2 (a) Is consistent across all jobs. Project plan includes clarification of compliance. XX 12/07 Plan
3.7.2.2 (b) Collects job information that is current and relevant to the job evaluation factors. Project plan includes clarification of compliance. XX 12/07 Plan
3.7.2.2 (c) Employs data gatherers who are trained to recognise gender bias and how to avoid it. Project plan includes clarification of compliance. N/A - Plan
3.7.2.2 (d) Collects job information from multiple sources where possible to ensure the job information is comprehensive. Project plan includes clarification of compliance. XX 12/07 Plan

4 Evaluating the jobs

4.2 The evaluation process

Overview

Job evaluators necessarily exercise judgment in making their decisions. These judgments are influenced by individual values and personal experiences. Evaluators can reduce the risk of making unfair decisions based on gender by developing an understanding of how gender bias arises, and using consistent processes for conducting the job evaluations.

Outcome

The job evaluation process used is consistently applied to all job evaluations without gender bias.

Recommended readings and tools

See 4.2.1.3 Guidance on the Evaluation Process in Gender-inclusive Job Evaluation Standard

See Section 4.2 The evaluation process in Gender Bias in Job Evaluation: a Resource Collection

The evaluation on process – actions required
Reference Action required for compliance Actions to demonstrate requirement (This section contains recommended readings, suggestions or helpful hints for requirements. Delete this text and replace with your actions to demonstrate how requirements are met) Whom When Completed Where Documented
4.2.1.2 (a) All evaluators have an appropriate opportunity to participate and contribute Project plan includes clarification of compliance. XX 3/08 Project report supplement
4.2.1.2 (b) All evaluators conduct the job evaluation process consistently Project plan includes clarification of compliance. XX 3/08 Project report supplement
4.2.1.2 (c) All evaluators provide a written record of decisions and sufficient evidence to support them. Documentation to be collected at completion of project. XX 3/08 Project report supplement

4.3 Monitoring and checking evaluation outcomes

Overview

If the application of gender-inclusive job evaluation results in some previously unrecognised or undervalued aspects of work dominated by one gender being measured, this will most likely alter the relative size of some jobs mainly held by women or men.

4.3.2 Checking results

Outcome

The person responsible for the job evaluation project demonstrates that the evaluation outcomes are free from gender bias

Recommended readings and tools

See section 4.3 in Gender Bias in Job Evaluation: A Resource Collection

Checking results – actions required
Reference Action required for compliance Actions to demonstrate requirement (This section contains recommended readings, suggestions or helpful hints for requirements. Delete this text and replace with your actions to demonstrate how requirements are met) Whom When Completed Where Documented
4.3.2.2 (a) Examine whether the job evaluation outcomes that result in a disproportionate representation of jobs mainly held by women or men at all levels, particularly at the upper or lower levels of certain factors, or total score levels, are justified Consultant to provide analysis of relevant job evaluation outcomes. XX 3/08 Project report supplement
4.3.2.2 (b) Examine whether any differences that exist in the ranking of mixed jobs or jobs mainly held by women or men before and after the job evaluation process are justified Consultant to provide analysis of relevant job evaluation outcomes. XX 3/08 Project report supplement
4.3.2.2 (c) Ensure that any differences that are not justified are addressed Project leader to provide follow up report on actions taken. YY 3/08 Project report supplement

4.4 Appeals

Overview

Having an appeals procedure as part of the overall job evaluation project will help to demonstrate commitment to a fair and open process that identifies and addresses gender bias. The size of the organisation(s) and the job evaluation project and the range of jobs covered may affect whether an appeal is conducted by a panel/committee or by an individual. Once jobs have been sized, job holders can use the appeals procedure to challenge evaluation scores or job rankings.

Outcome

Any gender bias in the job evaluation process can be redressed.

Recommended readings and tools

See section 4.4 in Gender Bias in Job Evaluation: A Resource Collection

Appeals – actions required
Reference Action required for compliance Actions to demonstrate requirement (This section contains recommended readings, suggestions or helpful hints for requirements. Delete this text and replace with your actions to demonstrate how requirements are met) Whom When Completed Where Documented
4.4.1.2 (a) All staff receive clear information about the appeals procedure and how to use it Project plan includes description of appeals procedure and its application in the project. XX 12/07 Plan
4.4.1.2 (b) Job holders appealing their job's evaluation can request help in presenting their appeal Project plan includes description of appeals procedure and its application in the project. XX 12/07 Plan
4.4.1.2 (c) Criteria for appealing the evaluation outcome include the perception of gender bias in the design or implementation of the system Project plan includes description of appeals procedure and its application in the project. XX 12/07 Plan
4.4.1.2 (d) People hearing appeals have been trained in gender-bias issues in job evaluation design and implementation Review report includes description of appeals procedure and its application in the project. XX 3/08 Review report
4.4.1.2 (e) People hearing appeals fully document the process, including any discussions about gender bias in the job evaluation outcomes; Review report includes description of appeals procedure and its application in the project. XX 3/08 Review report
4.4.1.2 (f) A committee hearing the appeal includes both women and men, as appropriate. Review report includes description of appeals procedure and its application in the project. XX 3/08 Review report

4.4.2 Monitoring and checking the outcomes of the appeals procedure

Outcome

Any differences in the appeal outcomes for occupations mainly held by women or men can be justified by job content.

Recommended readings and tools

See Monitoring and checking the outcomes of appeals, extract from Equitable Job evaluation User's Guide section 4.4.2 in Gender Bias in Job Evaluation: A Resource Collection

Monitoring and checking the customers of the appeals procedure – actions required
Reference Action required for compliance Actions to demonstrate requirement Whom When Completed Where Documented
4.4.2.2(a) Monitor the outcomes of the appeals procedure for gender difference Review report includes description of appeals procedure and its application in the project. XX 3/08 Review report
4.4.2.2(b) Ensure that any gender differences in outcomes are justified Review report includes description of appeals procedure and its application in the project. XX 3/08 Review report
4.4.2.2(c) Document the decisions made as part of monitoring the appeals procedure Review report includes description of appeals procedure and its application in the project. XX 3/08 Review report

4.5 Slotting

Overview

Once the formal job evaluation of the selected benchmark positions has been completed, any appeals resolved and the final outcomes reviewed by the person responsible for the job evaluation project, the remaining jobs can be slotted into the overall ranking of the evaluated benchmark positions. Where jobs do not match any on the list, they are 'slotted' between positions that are considered larger or smaller than the role and assigned the appropriate job size. Non-matching jobs may need to be compared to evaluated jobs on the list through an analytical process applying relevant factors. Slotting is most effective when the jobs to be slotted are very similar to evaluated jobs.

Outcome

All jobs are ranked. Roles not corresponding with benchmark positions are included in the overall ranking of all positions through a slotting process. This is implemented in line with the gender-inclusive requirements and guidance set out for the job evaluation process. (See sections 3 and 4)

Recommended readings and tools

See Slotting the Remaining Jobs against Benchmarks: Extract from Equitable Job Evaluation User's Guide section 4.5 in Gender Bias in Job Evaluation: A Resource Collection

Slotting – actions required
Reference Action required for compliance Actions to demonstrate requirement (This section may contain recommended readings, suggestions or helpful hints for requirements. Delete this text and replace with your actions to demonstrate how requirements are met) Whom When Completed Where Documented
4.5.1.2 (a) Slotting is undertaken by people who understand the jobs, the organisation and the job evaluation methodology Further slotting to be undertaken by consultant as required. XX 2008 Plan
4.5.1.2 (b) People undertaking slotting are trained in all aspects of gender-inclusive job evaluation as described in this Standard Project plan includes outline of slotting process. XX 2008 Plan
4.5.1.2 (c) Slotting is based on full information, including a current position description that has been prepared using the gender-inclusive requirements set out in this Standard; Project plan includes outline of slotting process. XX 2008 Plan
4.5.1.2 (d) An analytical process is used comparing demands made in individual jobs (as identified in the job documentation). Project plan includes outline of slotting process. XX 2008 Plan
4.5.1.2 (e) Slotting recommendations are validated in the same manner as the evaluated positions Project plan includes outline of slotting process. XX 2008 Plan
4.5.1.2 (f) Slotting positions are identified and distinguished from those job evaluated Project plan includes outline of slotting process. XX 2008 Plan
4.5.1.2 (g) Slotting shall be used only in conjunction with an analytical job evaluation process Project plan includes outline of slotting process. XX 2008 Plan
4.5.1.2 (h) Job holders have access to an appeals process similar to that set out for the job evaluated benchmark roles. Project plan includes outline of slotting process. XX 2008 Plan

4.6 Re-evaluating jobs

Overview

Changes in technology, organisational structure, business directions, economic conditions and labour market conditions can affect the design and scope of jobs. Job characteristics allocated a high points score may become more or less important. It is likely that the understanding of some types of work, gender bias, and skills will continue to develop. Devising a systematic process to ensure all job descriptions are updated and evaluations remain relevant will enhance the value of the original job evaluation project.

4.6.2 Keeping the system current

Outcome

Job descriptions and evaluations for all occupations, job types and job levels are current and accurate

Recommended readings and tools

See Maintaining and monitoring a job evaluation scheme: Extract from Good Practice Guide - Job evaluation schemes free of sex bias in section 4.6 Gender Bias in Job Evaluation: A Resource Collection

Keeping the system current – actions required
Reference Action required for compliance Actions to demonstrate requirement Whom When Completed Where Documented
4.6.2.2 (a) Develop a systematic process for the timely re-evaluation of roles that have substantially changed. Current industry practice suggests considering the need for any re-evaluations within three to five years Project plan to include outline of future use of job evaluation process. XX 2/08 Plan
4.6.2.2 (b) Develop criteria to be used when regularly checking the currency of evaluations and relativities. Criteria will include gender considerations (for example, technology changes affecting jobs mainly held by women, improvements in skills identification in female-dominated occupations) Project plan to include outline of future use of job evaluation process. XX 2/08 Plan
4.6.2.2 (c) Collect and monitor data relating to the gender composition of the jobs and roles being re-evaluated and the outcomes by gender of re-evaluations. Project plan to include outline of future use of job evaluation process in analysing outcomes by gender of re-evaluations. XX 2/08 Plan

4.7 Monitoring and reviewing remuneration outcomes

Overview

Where a gender-inclusive job evaluation shows that occupations or jobs mainly held by women have previously been undervalued, remuneration for those jobs may increase. Linking the job evaluation outcomes to a remuneration scheme designed to treat all jobs equitably according to their ranking should further reduce the opportunity for gender bias. It is important to examine other processes used to set pay to avoid the re-introduction of gender bias.

Outcome

Remuneration outcomes are monitored and reviewed, including analysis by gender, and remuneration is changed where necessary to achieve equitable treatment of jobs that are the same or substantially similar in size and mainly held by women or men.

Recommended readings and tools

See The Grade Boundaries: Extract from Good Practice Guide - Job evaluation schemes free of sex bias section 4.7 in Gender Bias in Job Evaluation: A Resource Collection

Monitoring and revealing remuneration outcomes – actions required
Reference Action required for compliance Actions to demonstrate requirement Whom When Completed
4.7.1.2 (a) Compare the pre and post job evaluation outcomes, including in the comparison an analysis of mixed jobs and jobs mainly held by women or men Project leader and consultant to prepare report on the review of job evaluation outcomes as specified. YY/XX 2008 Final report
4.7.1.2 (b) Monitor and review the final pay outcomes including analysis by gender Project leader to prepare report on the review of job evaluation outcomes as specified. YY/DC 2008 Final report
4.7.1.2 (c) Analyse by gender the final pay rates for jobs evaluated as being equal or substantially similar in size Project leader to prepare report on the review of job evaluation outcomes as specified. YY/XX 2008 Final report
4.7.1.2 (d) Determine and report on the reasons for remuneration differences when occupations with jobs mainly held by women or men are the same or substantially the same size Project leader to prepare report on the review of job evaluation outcomes as specified. YY/XX 2008 Final report

Appendices: Supporting documentation

The base document is the Compliance report.

In addition to the completed Compliance report, the following documentation was required to support the full compliance of the project with the Standard.

Appendix A - Project plan: As outlined in section #3.3.1.2 covering several requirements of Standard.

Appendix B - Statement by project leader: Responding to various requirements of the Standard.

Appendix C - Statement by consultant: Responding to requirements of section #3.4.3.2(a)(b).

Appendix D - Consultant memorandum on gender-inclusiveness of Dibble system: Attestation by consultant as outlined in section #3.5.2.

Appendix E - Project plan - Supplement on gender bias training: As required in section #3.3.1.2 and detailing procedures to be used as required in other sections of the Standard.

Appendix F - Project report supplement: Attesting compliance and including checking of evaluation outcomes and the appeal process.

Appendix G - Review process: Documentation relating to review process for distribution to and use by staff as outlined in section #4.4.1.2.

Appendix H - Report on remuneration outcomes: Responding to the requirements of Section #4.7.

Appendix A - Project plan #3.3.1.2

# = reference to the relevant clauses of the Gender-inclusive Job Evaluation Standard

Objectives of project

  1. To conduct a job evaluation audit review of approximately 48 positions.
  2. To determine the suitability of the selected positions as benchmarks for derivation of market data appropriate to the broader employee population.
  3. To provide access to suitable market remuneration data for comparison of job evaluated positions as part of the remuneration setting process.
  4. (If required) To assist with the development of an effective, comprehensive remuneration structure applicable to those positions covered by individual employment contracts.

Gender equity principles #3.3.1.2(b)

In all stages, the project undertakes to adhere to the following principles of gender-inclusive job evaluation as based on the Haldimand-Norfolk case (1991) as follows:

  • The job evaluation system must consider the particular establishment (workplace) and the range of work of women in the establishment.
  • The language must be understandable to employees so incumbents can properly recognise and report the skill, effort, responsibility and working conditions required in their work and as applicable to the project.
  • Incumbents should be educated about the job evaluation process and about pay equity before completing job information questionnaires.
  • Skills should not be defined to cover only managerial jobs; communications skills should include not only non-verbal communications but also the need to quickly alter the level or sophistication of communication.
  • Assignment of value should not be restricted to 'normally' or 'frequently' required skills, responsibilities, effort or conditions because the infrequent may be critical to the work.
  • Consistency is a necessary but not sufficient requirement of gender neutrality.
  • Attaching a value to various factors is not just a technical action, but a manifestation of value judgements made between female and male job characteristics.

Compliance with these principles will be documented throughout the project.

Gender neutrality of the job evaluation scheme

A letter attesting to the gender neutrality of the job evaluation scheme chosen for this project is attached to this Project plan (see Appendix B - Statement by project leader). Documentation on the review of the scheme for this purpose is available for inspection. #3.5.2.2

Gender bias training #3.3.1.2 (d)

Training materials on the avoidance of gender bias will be provided to all participants in the job evaluation process. These materials are attached as a supplement to this plan (see Appendix E - Project plan supplement on gender bias training).

The job evaluation process #3.3.1.2(e)

Dibble Associates propose application of our Dibble system for the job evaluation of these positions. A supplementary letter is attached to this plan (see Appendix D - Consultant memorandum on gender-inclusiveness of Dibble System) attesting to the gender-inclusiveness of the Dibble job evaluation system and the manual for that system. #3.5.2.2

Consultant capability in gender-inclusive issues #3.4.3.2(a)(b)(c)

A supplementary letter is attached (see Appendix C - Statement by consultant) attesting to the qualifications of the consultant with regard to Gender-inclusive issues.

The consultant will actively monitor and review the project and document the processes in relation to gender bias as provided in the Standard.

Presentations will be made to management and staff in the course of this process. This will provide them with an overview of the Dibble job evaluation system, survey capability and remuneration philosophy, while reassuring them of the on-going continuity of the consulting assistance offered. #3.5.3.2(c)

The presentation will include an outline of the Dibble job evaluation scheme, its factors and how they differentiate among jobs.

The Dibble job evaluation system #3.5.3.2(a)(b)(d)(e)

The factor rating charts that comprise the Dibble job sizing system evolved from our work with clients in customising job evaluation factor plans to suit their business needs and values systems. In working with those clients to benchmark their points to market salary surveys, it became clear that certain elements bear the most weight in assigning job size and determining market value. The Dibble job sizing system is a tool for assessing the content and relative size of jobs using a total of five factors or job sizing criteria.

The lengthy and extensive experience of Dibble Associates in the application of the Dibble system has demonstrated that the factors in the system provide important, acceptable and comprehensive criteria for ranking jobs. The factors used can measure the characteristics of all jobs to which they have been applied and are defined in levels that differentiate between jobs. The factor levels have been carefully defined to avoid double counting of the features of jobs.

Factor weightings of the Dibble job evaluation system #3.5.4.2(a)(b)(c)(d)(e)

The weightings of the five factors in the Dibble scheme are as follows.

  • Accountability 24%
  • Complexity 26%
  • People 8%
  • Interpersonal skills 19%
  • Expertise 23%

The appropriateness of these weightings has been determined through long and extensive use on thousands and thousands of jobs across all sectors of the New Zealand employment market. In all that time, not a single claim of gender bias has ever been raised against the system.

The Dibble system does not provide for the tailoring of these weightings.

The Dibble system has no factors that are exclusive to jobs mainly held by women or men. Some advocates have claimed that factors on interpersonal skills tend to relate more closely to jobs held by women while factors on experience tend to relate more closely to jobs held by men. As is evident above, the weightings of these factors are comparable and therefore provide no 'advantage' to either group.

Dibble Associates regularly reviews its job evaluation systems and processes and tests them for potential exposure to bias of various kinds. The latest review was in mid 2007 when the Job evaluation manual was audited closely for any such exposure. Documentation on that review is available for inspection.

Training of data gatherers #3.7.2.2(c)

Data gatherers will be selected by management for purposes of facilitating completion of the questionnaires by employees. Data gatherers will be chosen with due regard to balance in terms of job level, pay grade, tenure, gender, and representation of any groups considered appropriate. The consultant will arrange for training of the data gatherers in gender bias recognition and techniques for avoiding it in the data collection process. If appropriate, external experts in gender-inclusive training may be invited to assist at this stage of the project.

Information collection

In this exercise, we will draw on the multiple following sources of information to ensure the job information is comprehensive. #3.7.2.2(d)

Sources of information will include:

  1. Interviews with selected managers in order to obtain their views of how the jobs are expected to function in relation to each other within the organisation along with a clearer understanding of the structure and operations of the organisation.
  2. Existing position descriptions for those jobs where such documentation is available.
  3. Questionnaires completed by selected jobholders or other knowledgeable persons to supplement the information typically available in position descriptions. This is optional depending on the quality of other sources of information.
  4. Written materials on the organisation provided in the course of the project, including material from the organisation's website.

A sample questionnaire is provided which will be reviewed and revised as appropriate.

Collection of information will be done within the following principles:

  • The information collection process will be applied consistently across all jobs, and all participating jobholders will be given equal opportunity for input into the process. #3.7.2.2(a)
  • All information collected will be current and relevant to the job evaluation process. The focus will be on the job as it currently exists and not as it once was or may be in the future. #3.7.2.2(b)

Use of committee in review process #3.4.2.2(a)

Evaluation of positions will be done through a review of current position descriptions and questionnaires by the consultant who will provisionally determine the assigned job sizes for each position. This approach is considered the most effective in terms of time and resources required for the initial evaluations.

Following this, a select group, will review the provisional results with the consultant to arrive at a final agreed ranking of jobs. This would be accomplished through a workshop process likely to take most of a day. The resulting ranking will be appropriate for further work, and the management group will become familiar with the job evaluation process and able to draft further evaluations as required.

As part of this process, the consultant will provide training and informational materials as appropriate on the job evaluation process, the particular scheme used and the gender equity aspects of the exercise. #3.4.2.2(d)

The evaluation review process #4.2.1.2(a)(b)(c)

In the committee review stage, the consultant will ensure that all members have appropriate opportunity to participate and contribute. It will be the consultant's responsibility to ensure that all members apply the job evaluation process consistently across all jobs reviewed. A written record of the decisions reached including any exceptions or issues of note will be included in the project report on completion of the project.

Checking the results of the job evaluation process #4.3.2.2(a)(b)(c)

Upon completion of the exercise, the consultant will provide a report on the process. This report will include an analysis of any detectable distinction in the outcomes as they relate to jobs mainly held by women or men at any levels. This will include the final point scores as well as the individual factor scores of all jobs reviewed.

Comment will be provided on any differences detected in the ranking of jobs held mainly by women or men before and after the job evaluation process and whether any such differences can be justified.

Recommendations will be made for addressing any such differences detected that are not justified.

Review or appeals process #4.4.1.2(a)(b)(c)(d)(e)(f)

Following completion of the deliberations of the job evaluation review committee, the results will be provided to jobholders in an agreed format. The outcomes will be explained to jobholders in clear format. A review or appeals process will be made available to those employees who feel strongly that the outcome does not fairly reflect the contribution of their roles to the organisation. A model for that review process is attached as a supplement to this plan.

Monitoring the outcome of review or appeals process #4.4.2.2(a)(b)(c)

The outcome of the review process will be reviewed for any gender distinctions that may be detected. Any such distinctions will be documented and justified. Any such distinctions that can not be justified will be reviewed further.

On-going job sizing process #4.5.1.2(a)(b)(c)(d)(e)(f)(g)(h)

While there are different approaches to the on-going use of a job evaluation process, we propose the following slotting process as the most effective means of meeting the client's needs as outlined in our discussion. When evaluations are required, up to date position descriptions, along any relevant information on that part of the organisation and its activities, will be provided for any new positions. If you wish, jobholders, or other appropriate personnel, will be allowed to complete individual questionnaires providing additional information on the roles. Slotting will be applied only as single jobs are required to be sized, and management will undertake to complete a wider, more formal job evaluation process whenever any substantial number of jobs require reviewing.

  • Slotting will be undertaken by the consultant who understands the jobs, the organisation and the job evaluation methodology.
  • The consultant is competent in all aspects of gender-inclusive job evaluation as described in this Standard
  • Slotting will be based on full information comparable to that used in the initial project, including a current position description that has been prepared using the gender-inclusive requirements set out in the Standard.
  • The consultant will apply the same analytical process in comparing demands made in individual jobs (as identified in the job documentation) as in the original exercise.
  • Slotting recommendations will be validated in the same manner as the evaluated positions.
  • Slotted positions will be identified and distinguished from those job evaluated in all relevant documentation.
  • The outcomes of the slotting process will be checked against the outcomes of the initial exercise to ensure all applicable principles are applied equally.
  • Job holders have access to an appeals process similar to that set out for the job evaluated benchmark roles.

On-going maintenance of the job evaluation process #4.6.2.2(a)(b)(c)

Management will undertake to review the status of the job evaluation process every three years. Such review will include an analysis of any distinctions among roles by gender that may be identified.

Criteria will be identified to use for checking the currency of evaluations and relativities.

Data relating to the gender composition of the jobs and roles in the organisation will be collected and reviewed regularly.

Monitoring and reviewing remuneration outcomes #4.7.1.2 (a)(b)(c)(d)

A report will be prepared in which the pre and post job evaluation outcomes will be analysed in terms of jobholder gender and overall ranking in the organisation.

A further report will be written describing final pay outcomes including analysis by gender. This report will focus on jobs evaluated as being equal of substantially similar in size and that are occupied predominantly by different genders.

If any significant differences in remuneration are identified between roles that are the same of substantially the same in size, and those differences correspond to gender rather than other, clearly identifiable and acceptable differences, e.g. tenure or performance, these will be reported on in detail.

Appendix B - Statement by project leader

The Dorfox Foundation is undertaking a job evaluation project with the assistance of Dibble Associates Limited. It is the intent of the Foundation to ensure this project complies with the requirements of the Gender-inclusive Job Evaluation Standard NZS 8007:2006 as promulgated by Standards New Zealand in September 2007.

This letter attests to the following:

Key people are jointly involved in the planning and execution of the job evaluation project. These include: #3.3.1.2(c)

  • Fred Nitney, Executive Director; Eugene Axolotl, Communications Manager; Teefee Crane, National Manager; Melvin Schmelvin, Finance and Admin Manager; and a representative each of the Team Leaders, Admin Team, Counsellors, Regional Managers and Social Promoters on the Review Team on behalf of the Management of the Foundation.
  • Marvin Furbisher or a union delegate on behalf of the Workers Union representing staff of the Foundation.
  • Joshua Dibble, Consultant, on behalf of Dibble Associates Limited.

These people will form the committee that reviews the consultant's draft evaluations and agrees on the final outcomes of the job evaluation process. The consultant will chair the review process which is anticipated to be too brief in duration to allow for the rotation of the role of chair among other participants. #3.4.2.2(e)

These people provide a fair representation of the gender make up of Foundation staff. #3.4.2.2(b)

These people provide appropriate representation of the range of job levels in the Foundation. #3.4.2.2(c)

Jobs to be included in the project

The jobs listed on the following page are to be reviewed in this project.

These jobs represent a fair sampling of the positions held by women and men in the organisation.

Due consideration was given to ensure that this sample fairly represents mixed-gender jobs, the full range of job types and features in the organisation, jobs with unique characteristics and any jobs where gender or job sizing concerns may have arisen. #3.6.2.2(a)(b)(c)(d)(e)

  • Research Director
  • National Action Manager
  • Communications Manager
  • Senior Researcher
  • Manager Finance & Admin Svcs
  • National Fundraising and Events Coordinator
  • Regional Manager - North
  • Regional Manager - Central
  • Regional Manager - Midland
  • Regional Manager - South
  • Project Coordinator
  • Action Team Leader
  • Promotion Team Leader
  • Maori Team Leader
  • National Campaigns Coordinator
  • Policy Analyst
  • Communications Coordinator
  • Psychotherapist
  • Project Analyst Midland
  • Project Analyst Auckland/Northland
  • Health Promoter Pacific Peoples
  • Health Promoter WTN
  • Health Promoter AKL
  • Health Promoter AKL
  • Health Promoter WTN
  • Health Promoter CCH
  • Health Promoter HAM
  • Health Promoter AKL
  • Counsellor - HAM
  • Counsellor - WTN
  • Counsellor - CCH
  • Counsellor - National
  • Counsellor/Promoter Pacific
  • Librarian/Network Administrator
  • IT and E Technology Coordinator
  • Administration Coordinator - NO
  • Administration Assistant - AKL
  • Administration Assistant - HAM
  • Administration Assistant - WTN
  • Administration Assistant - CCH
  • Administration Assistant - NO
  • Administration Assistant - NO

Appendix C - Statement by consultant #3.4.3.2(a)(b)

The Dorfox Foundation is undertaking a job evaluation project with the assistance of Dibble Associates Limited. It is the intent of the Foundation to ensure this project complies with the requirements of the Gender-inclusive Job Evaluation Standard NZS 8007:2006 as promulgated by Standards New Zealand in September 2007.

This letter attests to the consultant's understanding of gender bias and how to avoid it.

Joshua Dibble understands and has undertaken training on the Equitable Job Evaluation (EJE) system.

Joshua Dibble understands and has undertaken training on the Standards New Zealand's Gender-inclusive Job Evaluation Standard NZS 8007:2006.

Joshua has been a job evaluation practitioner since 1987. During that time he has trained hundreds of participants in job evaluation including the gender equity objectives of the process.

The consultant is able to train participants in the job evaluation project on gender equity objectives.

The consultant will actively monitor and review the project and document the process in relation to gender bias as provided in the Standard.

Dibble job evaluation and gender bias

Dibble Associates Limited is an advocate of equal opportunity in employment. The principles of equal employment opportunity are integral to our consulting processes. In particular, Dibble Associates has examined one of its key consulting tools, its job evaluation system, to ensure that it is not only the most effective way of valuing jobs, but that it is essentially gender neutral.

Traditionally, job evaluation has been perceived as effective in determining the value of a combination of job responsibilities within an organisation to help explain internal job relativities, pay differentials and career opportunities. In recent years, however, there have been dramatic changes in jobs and in the workforce, including the influx of women into professional and managerial roles. In addition, jobs continue to evolve from a production to a service orientation, with a proliferation of job types and employees at all levels handling vastly more sophisticated equipment, systems and tasks. These changes have exposed some inherent weaknesses in conventional job evaluation methods.

There is no evidence that traditional job evaluation systems have been deliberately built on a gender-neutral basis. Concerns are now widely expressed about their potential for undervaluing women's work. Repeatedly, three aspects of the job evaluation process have been criticised as inherently gender biased: the choice and weightings of factors against which jobs are evaluated, job data collection techniques and the evaluation process itself.

If it is to be a useful job analysis tool, it is essential that job evaluation is a gender neutral process. Both the process and the technology of the Dibble approach comprehensively address the issue of gender bias.

The Dibble consulting process

As a part of the Dibble system, Dibble consultants educate committee members in the nature of gender bias, how it arises in the workplace, and how it may be avoided. Consulting assignments are conducted in ways that allow the interests of both men and women to be seriously considered and minimise the likelihood that subjective judgements will influence evaluations of jobs.

Firstly we recommend the balanced composition of the project steering committee or consultative committee as well as any job evaluation committee used to reflect a reasonable representation of the gender balance of the organisation.

Secondly we offer formal training sessions designed to develop the committee's understanding of how discrimination in job evaluation can arise and how it can be minimised. The training sessions also outline the provisions of any applicable Equal Employment Opportunity legislation and work practice implications of such legislation.

We then train the committee to critically analyse and understand the range of Dibble factors used and to develop criteria against which jobs will be analysed. The training will encourage the committee to question historical assumptions in job worth and to reassess factors which may undervalue jobs traditionally held by women.

One of the early activities in the Dibble system is the design of the data collection questionnaire. The validity and accuracy of the questionnaire is tested through a sample of positions and then revised. This step requires those involved to assess the gender neutrality and validity of the questionnaire for the total population of the organisation's jobs using skills acquired during the training process. With the validity of the questionnaire established, the evaluations can proceed with consistent and predictable gender-neutral outcomes.

The Dibble system provides for factors and weightings that have been carefully considered and researched. While the factors are standard for all organisations evaluated through the Dibble system, they have met the test of gender neutrality through careful examination by professionals in the field. Using the questionnaires means the accuracy and consistency of the job data provided is not dependent on job analysts' perceptions of jobs or their ability to elicit all relevant information from jobholders. Therefore another potential source of gender bias, the subjectivity of job data collection, has been addressed.

Summary

While traditional job evaluation systems have been heavily criticised for the ease with which they can institutionalise gender bias and undervalue women's work, the process and technology of Dibble's job evaluation system significantly reduce the likelihood that job evaluation decisions will result in gender bias. This methodology therefore offers a more effective way of comparing jobs predominantly held by women with those predominantly held by men. Moreover, job analyses produced for job evaluations can be used to achieve real equality of opportunity by identifying jobs which need enlarging or redesigning, and highlighting gaps which training and development can close.

Appendix D - Consultant memorandum on gender-inclusiveness of Dibble system

Internal Memorandum

TO: Clients of Dibble Associates Limited and Dibble Consultants

FROM: Joshua Dibble, Senior Consultant

REF: Gender-inclusiveness of Dibble system - Attestation

Date: 1 May 2007

At the request of the directors, I was asked to review the Dibble job evaluation system, including the manual, with regard to its compliance with the new Standard for Gender-inclusive Job Evaluation as drawn up by Standards New Zealand.

I went through the Dibble manual line by line, reviewing it for 'vulnerabilities' with regard to gender-inclusiveness issues.

In particular, I searched for words, phrases, examples, etc. that could potentially be identified as "vulnerable to discussion" as regards gender-inclusiveness issues.

In my memo of 29 January, I pointed out my belief that the manual needed some grammatical editing and that a few examples that seemed to refer mainly to particular client groups needed to be replaced.

I subsequently edited the manual wherein I substituted some examples and tidied up the grammar. I can now state unequivocally that the latest version of the manual has no problem when examined for gender-inclusive issues. The system and the manual now comply with all of the "Requirements" clauses of the Standard for Gender-inclusive Job Evaluation.

I would be absolutely confident in allowing interested parties to examine the Manual for purposes of ascertaining the verity of my statement.

I would be happy to respond to any queries in this regard.

Appendix E - Project plan supplement on gender bias training #3.3.1.2(d)

Gender-inclusion considerations in job evaluation

Introduction

Job evaluation is a system of comparing different jobs to provide a basis for developing an effective grading and pay structure. The aim is to evaluate the job, not the jobholder. However it is recognised that any assessment of a job's size relative to another will always be subjective to some extent. Moreover, job evaluation is in large part a social mechanism which establishes differentials within organisations. It is because of the social mechanism nature of job evaluation that the process must take account of Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) considerations. In this way, job evaluation can be a significant force in achieving the goals of any existing or proposed EEO legislation.

Non-discriminatory job evaluation should lead to a payment system within which work of equal value receives equal pay regardless of gender, ethnicity, physical ability or other trait. A job evaluation exercise cannot be expected to result in an even spread of genders throughout the grades and in the average woman's pay being equal to that of the average man, if women have been recruited in the past to the less skilled jobs. At the same time, job evaluation should not give a spurious objectivity to the status quo. A commitment to a fair job evaluation may require that some traditional assumptions are changed regarding the value attributed to work predominantly carried out by women or other minority groups in the workplace.

This paper is intended to draw attention to some of the practices which can (often unwittingly) introduce or perpetuate gender (and other) discrimination. It aims to give guidance to practitioners on how to formulate, implement and maintain job evaluation schemes which are free of such biases.

In theory job evaluation can be a very useful management tool. In reality, however, it is impossible to make it a perfectly objective process. Dibble acknowledges both its imperfection and its subjectivity. The job evaluation process will always be subjective when people are involved in the decision making. The goal is to make the process as objective as possible while acknowledging and addressing this inherent subjectivity. It is also this subjectivity which requires that EEO considerations play a significant role in the job evaluation process.

At its best as a management tool, job evaluation provides a framework for making these subjective decisions. This framework should at least ensure consistency in the subjective decisions that give it value as a tool. Some important areas of concern with regard to EEO issues follow.

In particular employers should ensure that:

  • where appropriate, women or other group members participate in evaluation panels
  • job descriptions and questionnaires should avoid explicit reference to the gender or culture of the jobholder
  • the evaluation method should be essentially analytical, and
  • the individuals involved in assessment should be trained and briefed on how to avoid gender, cultural or other bias.

Note: While the following discussion refers to the situation of women in the workforce, the same principles apply to other employee groups within the definition of EEO legislation.

An effective job evaluation system will, in the end, establish a value rate for the job, but will not directly set a specific dollar rate. The actual salary to be paid is determined by a number of factors of which job evaluation is just one. Other factors that must be considered in setting salaries include market data, economic climate, employer's ability to pay, chosen relativity with the market, award or other contract negotiations and any relevant legislation.

Composition and training of the job evaluation committee

It is good practice for the job evaluation committee to involve a representative sample of people from the spread of jobs covered by the scheme. A participative approach will ensure easier acceptance of the scheme and the resolution of many difficulties at an early stage. While women tend to be conditioned to downgrade their own jobs, this situation is changing . A fair representation of women (in relation to their proportions in the workforce and in the job spectrum) on all job evaluation committees and in allied discussions, is strongly recommended as a visible and practical means of reducing the probability of gender-bias. Committee members must act as equals, and the facilitator should ensure equal participation by all in the process.

It is essential that the issues raised in this paper be raised with all personnel involved in the job evaluation exercise. This includes not only the job evaluation committee members and data gatherers, but also the job-holders themselves, management personnel involved in the exercise and any advisers or consultants assisting. The issues must be examined freely and in depth in order to identify any biases and ensure they are addressed effectively.

Committee members must acknowledge all potential biases, including their own, and be prepared to deal with them openly and honestly. In addition to any other training given, members of all the committees should receive training in how gender-bias in job evaluation can arise and they should understand how their actions and decisions can produce such discrimination.

The questionnaire and job evaluation manual are critical tools in the job evaluation process. Unfortunately, they are also two of the tools that can be subject to bias with regard to EEO issues. Care must be given to the design and use of these materials in order to effectively incorporate all of the points addressed in this paper.

Initial selection of jobs to be evaluated

Job evaluation schemes typically involve the selection of an initial range of jobs which are used as a standard because they are considered to be representative of the full range of jobs. It is against these initial jobs that all other jobs in the scheme can eventually be assessed. Discrimination can occur if the first jobs selected do not represent a fair spread of the work done in the organisation. It can also occur when there are small numbers of female staff employed. It is essential to ensure a representative sample of jobs performed predominantly by women is included amongst the first jobs as a means of ensuring that the job evaluation scheme takes due account of job elements that are peculiar to these predominantly female jobs. This eliminates the bias that results from the practice of comparing the jobs of female employees with a ranking that has been built on male-oriented jobs.

The preparation of the job description or job questionnaire involves at least three people: the employee who does the job or a representative employee, that person's supervisor or manager, and the job analyst or person responsible for the procedure. Close involvement of employees in the preparation of descriptions of their own jobs will benefit from their detailed knowledge of the job, and help to ensure that important aspects of it are not overlooked. Involvement of the manager or supervisor is essential because of that person's responsibility for stating what is required of the job.

The impact of presentation must be considered. Such things as neatness, legibility, order of items and the language will all have an impact on the Committee. Care must be taken to ensure that the impact is equally positive for all positions being evaluated. Research has shown that the process of writing job descriptions or completing questionnaires and the subsequent evaluation process can be influenced by several different kinds of bias. The following points raise some of the issues most commonly encountered in the job evaluation process as well as of the kinds of bias that can occur. Careful, effective job evaluation implementation may not be able to eliminate completely all of these biases, but with thorough preparation and training of those involved, they can be minimised.

Data gathering

The person(s) responsible for the collation of the job descriptions or questionnaires should be trained in the skills of preparing comprehensive descriptions that neither omit aspects of womens' jobs because they are considered unimportant or irrelevant, nor over-emphasise those job characteristics that are typical of jobs performed by men. Data gathering for a job evaluation exercise can be accomplished in many ways: in one-on-one meetings, in group discussions or any other combination of data gatherers and jobholders. Each approach has its own particular vulnerabilities to the biases discussed below.

Biasing processes that can occur

  1. Prioritising by frequency or evidence

    Jobholders will generally tend to think first of the things they do most often. However, these may or may not be the most difficult or complex activities in the job. Whether or not activities are supposed to be written in order of importance, the committee is likely to read and understand them as if they were in that order. It is therefore important for jobholders to understand that they must describe their jobs in an order that reflects the importance of tasks rather than their frequency.

    For example an employee may photocopy materials frequently during the day and co-ordinate the work of several staff during the initial half-hour of the day. However, the relative frequency of these tasks does not reflect the skills and experience involved in each, nor their relative importance to the organisation. It is therefore vital to prioritise activities by importance, not by frequency.

    It is clear that the most frequently performed activity may not necessarily be the most important aspect of the job for evaluation purposes. However, there is another aspect, people might think a task is performed more frequently than it is simply because it is more evident. Supervisors and jobholders might believe that secretaries spend more time at the keyboard than they actually do because the noisier and more visible activities come to one's mind more readily than do the quieter and less visible tasks in the job.

  2. Using "loaded" language

    The language used to describe the same activities performed by different jobholders can have a strong impact on how the work is evaluated. Considerable research on the impact of language on job evaluation has confirmed this link. For example, stating that two different employees handle client enquiries "pleasantly" or "effectively and efficiently" clearly places different values on these actions. The former implies little more than acceptable behaviour, while the latter gives a very positive aspect to the job. A word that appears especially frequently is "routine" as in "routinely (performs some task)" or "performs routine office work". This word clearly suggests that the work is easy or even boring. However what it may really mean is that the jobholders do all the work on their own or are handling a wide range of different tasks. While the word itself is unlikely to gain much credit in the evaluation process, it may hide significant activities.

  3. Attributing responsibility to the "boss"

    It may be particularly difficult for a jobholder to write down some activities because they are technically part of the boss' job. It is very common for supervisors to delegate certain of their own activities to subordinates but to continue to take credit for the results. It can be difficult for the subordinate to put this fact in writing unless a very supportive atmosphere is created in the job evaluation process. It is important for the jobholder to include all activities in the job description. The process must be able to cope if there is disagreement as to who actually performs the task concerned.

    Often, supervisors have a view of the subordinate's job as being less complex or less demanding than it is because of not appreciating the number of tasks that are performed for the supervisor by the jobholder. It can be harmful to the job evaluation process if the employee avoids mentioning these added responsibilities just for the sake of harmony with a superior.

  4. Underestimating support work

    There are frequently jobs that involve co-ordination and liaison work and other administrative tasks vital to the organisation's continued functioning. Rather than describing these as merely "routine" or "clerical", they should be identified by the jobholder for the administrative skills involved. This work may build upon knowledge acquired over a considerable time of service and indicate the ability to take charge of many complex work processes. Co-ordinating and scheduling the activities of many different people requires both considerable conceptual skills and communications ability. The position may also frequently be the first in the organisation to encounter problems and be required to initiate actions to deal with them. In organisations where staffing patterns change frequently, this could be the one stable person able to anticipate and to organise responses to deal with potential problems and to actually organise the activities of "superiors". All this "co-ordination" should be fully appreciated and broken down into its many "non-routine" task responsibilities.

  5. "Naturalising" interpersonal skills

    This point again relates to the use of language in describing the work of men and women in the same jobs. The use of such words as "tactful, courteous and pleasant" and similar terms typically associated with women, makes the work sound "natural" rather than needing acquired skills. Words such as "effective, efficient, and diplomatic" give a different perception of these abilities. It is important to recognise the many real skills involved in these interpersonal activities; liaison, co-ordination, negotiation, public relations and the like. Much of this work requires considerable skill and experience if it is to be effective. It is not something that an employee does "naturally" without knowing a great deal about the organisation. Having good interpersonal skills means more than merely being helpful to the organisation. They contribute to smooth operations, improve the public image, promote harmonious staff relationships and enable other workers to perform more effectively. Thus it is important to use positive, "strong" words to describe these activities to give the position full credit for the skills, experience and training necessary.

  6. Trivialising skills

    Research has shown that some activities are perceived as being simple just because many people can perform them. For example keyboard skills are often seen as just pressing buttons in order. However, the mental and interpersonal skills in accuracy, language, interpretation, and planning can be considerable, especially as the equipment involved becomes more sophisticated.

    Other aspects of keyboard work may include composition, sourcing of information, decision making, editing, proofing, presentation and prioritising. It is important not to underestimate the level and variety of skills used in such activities. Full consideration must be given to what is being done and the responsibility of the jobholder for the results produced.

    It has also been demonstrated that men tend to provide more self-enhancing descriptions of their work than women do. Women tend to underestimate the requirements of their jobs and to dismiss the experience and skills required for effective performance. This may be a response to the "social mores" around them. If people in the workplace behave as if secretarial and keyboard work is simple, undemanding and routine, then it is harder for a woman to report that the job is demanding in its thinking requirements, because this may imply incompetence. This may lead to a feeling on the part of many keyboard workers that they are "stigmatised" by their typing ability, that it makes their job appear to others as less, rather than more, skilled than some other jobs around them.

  7. Assuming consistency

    For a wide range of reasons, a job may encounter a significant level of change in its activities. Changes to schedules, technology, responsibilities, communication lines and environment all conspire to make a job more difficult or "larger". The jobholder must be able to identify such change and act on it. If such increased job demands occur frequently they must be recognised and the ability to cope credited. Few jobs are completely consistent and some are hardly ever consistent, especially those with ranges of activities often described as merely "routine" or "varied".

  8. Taking skills for granted

    It is important that jobholders do not take skills or experience for granted and underestimate their importance in the workplace. It may seem that people are able to drive cars "automatically", but they all had to learn at some time. There are real qualifications and skills involved in every job and the jobholder should be aware of what they are. The skills may have been accumulated over a long time and represent a significant investment in time and energy. Just because they are familiar is no reason to underestimate their value.

    For example, keyboard workers sometimes feel that people around them think their job is simple. This sometime leads them to underestimate the time it has taken for their skills to develop, they might appear stupid if they said that a job believed to be simple by others took a long time to learn. This leads to the undervaluing of many jobs, particularly women's jobs and it is important to counteract this tendency.

    There may also be a tendency to describe a job through characteristics which are culturally expected for the job, given the gender of the typical incumbent. An example of this is when sewing machinists were employed by one government office. The women were regarded as naturally experienced, but the men were paid more because they had to "learn" the sewing skills involved.

    Another example is in a newspaper office where the "sales work" of the telephonists in attracting clients and retaining them was recognised. However, it was regarded as the outcome of the "natural" interpersonal skills of the women and was therefore not rewarded as other sales work was.

  9. Misusing job titles

    Job titles alone can play a significant part in shaping people's perceptions of the job content. The fact that some secretaries perform administrative work is less likely to be identified when the job title is "secretary" and the incumbent is a woman.

    There is a long tradition of using different titles for the jobs of men and women who are doing essentially the same work. This has frequently also denoted a status difference, reflected in a pay difference which is based on gender discrimination and not on the content of the work done. Job titles which are applied predominantly to one gender and which have a counterpart applied to the other gender, should be carefully examined. If they do not reflect a genuine difference in the nature of the work done they should be changed and the same title applied to both jobs. Examples of such discriminatory job titles are listed below:

    "Male" Job Title "Female" Job Title
    Sales Clerk Shop Assistant
    Assistant Manager Manager's Assistant
    Technician Operator
    Office Manager Typing Supervisor
    Tailor Seamstress
    Personal Assistant Secretary
    Administrator Secretary
    Chef Cook

    It is, of course, recognised that in some circumstances these different job titles are applied to essentially different jobs. They are only discriminatory where they are applied to the same job and result in different status or pay levels.

    Strongly ingrained attitudes still exist about what work is appropriate to each gender and these attitudes can lead to the acceptance of a grading and pay structure based unthinkingly on current and/or past practice, which can undermine equality of treatment. Unless steps are taken to prevent it, job evaluation schemes can maintain a situation in which the jobs most frequently performed by women are regarded as having less value than those mostly performed by men. A variation on the misuse of job titles could be where a "male" job which has become de-skilled through technological change is still regarded as skilled, even though in the process it has become equivalent to the "female" jobs, which have always been regarded as semi or unskilled.

  10. Allowing halo effect

    The halo effect refers to the process where jobholders who are seen as competent or skilled in one area are, as a consequence, then presumed to be competent or skilled in other areas, whether or not this is the case. There is a "positive halo" around the things these people do. This is especially true of high ranking "male" positions, and this creates a danger of upgrading every skill or activity of a manager just because it is done by a high level jobholder.

    One example may be telephone work where men and women are perceived differently: the man as high ranking manager is more likely to be seen as "liaising" and promoting a good image for the organisation, while the woman as secretary is simply being "courteous" and "having a pleasant manner". In reality, the content and nature of the telephone conversation may be identical. Conversely, jobs with low status and low pay in an organisation are surrounded with a "negative" halo effect. The budgeting work done by the secretary for the office is likely to be seen as little more than balancing a cheque book, while even the social club's accounts are viewed as significant financial dealings when done by the male treasurer.

Job analysts' expectations

It has been shown in experiments that when jobs were shown to job analysts as having male incumbents, they were often rated as being more central to the company's assets and operations, as involving more responsibility and as being less structured than when the same jobs had female incumbents.

In other words, although classification systems are intended to assess the job content and not be influenced by who does the job, it is hard not to be influenced by what is known of typical incumbents. The facilitator of the job evaluation process must work towards minimising this sort of bias, so that low paying jobs performed by women are not assumed to be simpler and more routine than they actually are.

Summary

The job evaluation process should ask jobholders to think carefully about the content of their jobs: the training and qualifications required for effective performance, the skill and experience demands, the type of responsibility, the extent to which decisions are made, the ability to carry out work and determine priorities without consultation, the interpersonal skills utilised in various contexts, the various liaising and co-ordinating functions performed which contribute to the smooth running of the department. The fact that the workplace may be convenient in some way, does not have to be at the expense of appropriate classifications. The jobholder should be able to enjoy the workplace and be equitably remunerated! Jobholders should be encouraged to try to identify the particular aspects of the job that may be inadequately recognised, and raise them either in a submission to the committee or in answers to the questionnaire.

Provision is normally made for a formal review procedure to deal with those cases where the employees believe their job has been unfairly evaluated. All employees should be informed that care has been taken to ensure that the job evaluation procedure has not discriminated against employees of either gender, and that the appeals procedure can be used if they feel that they have been wrongly graded because of their gender, or if they feel that the scheme has resulted in gender discrimination in some way.

Note: While this paper has referred to "gender" bias, most comments can apply also to cultural and any other biases that may arise in the job evaluation process.

Appendix F - Project report supplement

Compliance with Gender-inclusive Job Evaluation Standard #3.4.3.2(c)

Through all stages of the project, the consultant monitored and review project proceedings to ensure compliance with the Standard in ensuring gender-inclusiveness. This included informing client staff on the potential for gender bias creeping into the process at various points as well as giving examples from other projects where such bias was detected.

In the case of the Dorfox Foundation project, the cultural makeup of the organisation played a key role in support of the Gender-inclusive Standard. By the very nature of the organisation, gender is not considered an issue for internal matters of employment or for more external matters of image and public relations. The issue of ethnic background is a far more critical issue for the organisation.

The consultant made it clear that all processes and issues relating to gender-inclusiveness apply equally to matters of ethnicity. No issues or problems relating to any of these aspects of inclusiveness were encountered in this project.

The evaluation process #4.2.1.2(a)(b)(c)

Evaluations were conducted initially by the consultant whose credentials in gender-inclusiveness are established elsewhere. In the course of the review of provisional evaluations by the management team, the consultant reminded participants of the relevance and importance of gender-inclusiveness throughout the process.

In the course of the review of the provisional evaluations, all members of the management team were encouraged to voice their opinions and express and concerns they may have had over any particular factor evaluations. Each manager was particularly requested to consider the relativities among positions reporting to them. Participation and contribution to the process by the management team was full and equal.

The consultant ensured further that the evaluation process and all commentary and discussion were applied to all positions equally and consistently.

The factor by factor evaluation table produced at the end of the project provides a written record of the evaluation decisions made by the consultant and confirmed by the review group. Written statements of the five factor evaluation statements are available to serve as a record of the decisions made and the language that supports these decisions.

Monitoring and checking evaluation outcomes #4.3.2.2(a)(b)(c)

Following completion of the job evaluation exercise and agreement on all scores and the overall ranking, the consultant analysed the results in terms of gender.

While it is difficult to undertake detailed analysis of any great length with a small sample of positions, the following was noted.

Band A includes the female Chief Executive role alone.

Band B includes three jobs filled by males. Any gender issues at this level would be a function of employment practices, not job sizing.

Band C includes two jobs. The male Researcher role scored higher in Work Complexity and Expertise while the female Finance/Admin Manager role scored higher in Accountability and Responsibility for People. Due to the lower weighting of the Responsibility for People factor, the female role was scored lower overall (478 points to 458 points), but both roles were placed in the same band.

Band D includes five jobs, two filled by males, two by females and one vacant. Due to a higher requirement for Relating to People, the male Fundraising role scored higher, while the remaining Regional Manager roles all scored equally. The jobs are all in the same band, and the Fundraising role is seen as one that could equally be filled by a females.

Band E includes seven jobs, one of which is vacant and all the others filled by males. Due to the unique requirements of Dorfox, these are all roles that are appropriately filled by males, with the exception of the Communications role, these are Team Leader roles that scored higher than the following Band due to greater Accountability and Responsibility for People.

Band F includes 21 jobs, 9 of which are filled by females. This is the only band with enough jobholders to identify different 'kinds' of jobs. The three main 'kinds' of jobs in this band are Psychotherapists (3 out of 4 female), Health Promoters (3 out of 7 female), and Counsellors (3 out of 5 female). In each of these cases, the females were scored the same as the males, and the role with the highest proportion of females (Psychotherapists) was scored the highest. The male Kaimahi role was scored in the middle of the group and the male Librarian received the lowest score of the band.

Band G includes 2 jobs. The male IT role scored higher in Work Complexity and Expertise while the female Administration role scored higher in Accountability and Responsibility for People. Due to the lower weighting of the Responsibility for People factor, the female role was scored lower overall (236 points to 249 points), but both roles were placed in the same band.

Band H includes 6 jobs, 3 held by males and 3 by females. Four of these roles scoring at a higher level (168 points) were filled by 2 males and 2 females. The two lower scoring roles were filled by a male and a female.

This analysis shows that any differences between job evaluation scores of male and female roles, few as they may be are justified in the different requirements of the roles. The distribution of female jobholders and female roles throughout the organisation and their distribution across the resulting job size bands is unremarkable in this regard.

Appeal process - Preparation #4.4.1.2(d)

Requests for review of job evaluation outcomes were received from the following jobholders.

Communications Coordinator

Health Promoter Hamilton

Librarian/Network Administrator

Administration Assistant - National Office

Requests were first reviewed by the consultant for completeness and relevancy of the case made by the jobholder. The same standards of gender-inclusiveness as noted previously were applied in this process.

Appeal process - Committee #4.4.1.2(f)

Requests deemed complete were then considered by the review committee consisting of the following senior staff representing both male and female employees.

The review process began with a reminder by the consultant of the continued applicability of the gender-inclusive training provided previously.

Appeal process - Documentation #4.4.1.2(e)

Following consideration of the submission of each review applicant, a written report was provided to each jobholder detailing the findings of the Review Committee. These reports form the documentation for the Review process.

Outcome of appeal process #4.4.2.2(a)(b)(c)

The outcomes of the review process were monitored for gender issues in the same manner as the initial outcomes of the job sizing process.

The review committee agreed that the following differences were justified. Further, the committee submits that any of these jobs could be filled equally by male or female employees and that, therefore, even these detectable differences can not be seen to be a result of gender bias.

The documented review process forms part of the overall project report and establishes a procedure through which jobs may be reviewed in the future.

Slotting of future jobs #4.5.1.2(a)(b)(c)(d)(e)(f)(g)(h)

As an alternative to the committee process applied in the job evaluation of the first 46 jobs in the organisation, a slotting process will be used for the sizing of one off roles as required in the near future. The slotting process will be applied only as single jobs are required to be sized, and management will undertake to complete a wider, more formal job evaluation process whenever any substantial number of jobs require reviewing.

Slotting will be undertaken by an external consultant familiar with the jobs, the organisation and the job evaluation methodology.

The consultant will demonstrate understanding of gender-inclusive job evaluation as required.

Slotting will be based on information comparable to that used in the initial project, i.e. position descriptions and completed supplementary job questionnaires.

The consultant will apply the same analytical job evaluation process in sizing new roles and will document the outcomes of that process.

The slotted jobs will be validated by the Management Review Committee.

Slotted jobs will be identified as such in the records relevant to the job evaluation process.

The slotting will be checked against the outcomes of the initial job evaluation process to ensure all applicable principles are applied equally.

Jobholders of slotted jobs will have access to the same appeals process as that used initially.

Appendix G - Review process #4.4.1.2(a)(b)(c)

Memorandum to staff

TO Staff

FROM Human Resources

REF Job evaluation exercise

DATE

The evaluation stage of the job evaluation project has now been completed. This work was completed by a job evaluation committee working with a consultant from Dibble Consulting.

The project committee would now like to share the results of that work with you. Firstly, it is important to remember is that no individual salaries will be reduced as a result of the job evaluation exercise.

Accompanying this memorandum are the following documents.

  • Results of the job evaluation exercise in band list form which indicates which all jobs have been evaluated as being broadly the same size.
  • Clarification of some aspects of the job evaluation process to assist your understanding of how it works.
  • Notes on the job evaluation band list explaining its meaning and how decisions were reached as well as the relationship of these bands to the remuneration setting process. While the job evaluation exercise comes to an end when the bands are assigned and accepted for each position, staff are often concerned with how the exercise and resulting points scores might affect their individual remuneration. These notes are provided to cover some of the relevant points in this regard.
  • Sample "Request for review" form - should you feel your position has been placed in an inappropriate band.

The job evaluation committee studied position descriptions along with the questionnaires jobholders completed and made its decisions carefully using the job evaluation manual. We would like to re-emphasise that we looked only at the job and not at any individual jobholders or their performance in their jobs.

If you have any questions about the process or outcomes, please contact your manager.

Memorandum to staff

Notes on the relationship of the job evaluation exercise to remuneration practices

You have all been aware of the job evaluation exercise that has been undertaken recently in which all positions were job sized. The objective of the exercise was to develop an overall job size order of all the jobs in our organisation. Using that size order, the jobs have been placed into bands as shown on the attached list.

There are some important points to understand with regard to this banding list.

  • The jobs are presented alphabetically within each band. While some jobs may have scored higher or lower than others in actual points, such small point distinctions are not critical. What is important is that jobs of approximately the same size are grouped together.
  • These bands are a reflection of the relative sizes of jobs as competently performed. They are not a reflection of either you as a jobholder or how you may be performing your own job. While management expects everyone to perform his or her job at 100% competency or better, that performance is not considered in this process.
  • These bands are not direct reflections of the pay of any individuals, nor are they the sole criteria for setting pay levels. While job evaluation provides a sound basis for determining pay levels when all other issues are equal, the fact is that those other issues are rarely, if ever, equal. The result is that the actual pay of individuals will vary even among jobs that are apparently sized the same depending on the influence of those other issues.

Those "other issues" include, but are not limited to, such things as:

  • Market forces which mean jobs at the start of a professional track may be paid lower because of the oversupply of entrants.
  • Market forces which mean jobs in a particular professional or technical field may be paid higher because of the scarcity of qualified people.
  • Length of service and previous salary history of individuals.
  • Supplementary skills people bring to the job that may not be required of the position but are of value to the organisation.
  • Provisions of previous employment agreements or other contractual arrangements.
  • Additional contributions made to the organisation in terms of the social or human environment of a small organisation, e.g. ALL other things being equal an active member of staff sports teams or social clubs may be seen to make a larger contribution to the organisation as a whole than a non member.
  • And, most importantly, the performance of individuals in their jobs.

These are all things that individuals and organisations bring to the table that lead to jobs being paid at different rates even though they are assessed as being the 'same' size through job evaluation. It is also likely that the remuneration ranges associated with any job size bands will overlap sufficiently so that a high performing individual in a lower grade range can actually be paid at a higher rate than a low performer or new entrant in a higher grade range.

Memorandum to staff

Request for review

TO Jobholders

FROM General Manager

REF Job evaluation exercise review procedure

DATE

Attached to this memorandum is a copy of the "Request for review" form which you may use if you wish to have the results of the job evaluation exercise for your position reconsidered. Note that a separate copy of the form must be used for each factor to be reviewed.

The procedure to be followed in requesting a review is as follows.

  1. Review the individual job statement and explanatory notes provided.
  2. Review the job evaluation manual used in this exercise to understand what factor levels were available and the explanatory notes that accompanied them. A copy of the manual may be obtained from Human Resources.
  3. Submit a "Request for review" form for each factor of the evaluation that you wish to be reviewed. The reasons given for any suggested alteration must be solid and convincing. Your review must be based on the results for your position. You cannot appeal on the basis of how other positions were scored. Nor can you appeal on the basis of any previous job evaluation scores or results. Your submission should provide clear examples in support of your case. Appeals may be made on the basis of perceived gender bias if this can be clearly identified and documented.

    A "Request for review" may be submitted either by the jobholder or by management.

    Jobholders wishing to submit a "Request for review" may ask for assistance from their managers or other appropriate persons in preparing and presenting their appeals.

    All requests for review must be submitted to Human Resources by .....(date).....

  4. All requests for review will be forwarded to the consultant for screening. The consultant will not approve or disapprove any requests. He will examine each request for completeness and will return any incomplete requests to the jobholder for further information. He may also provide clarification of the job evaluation process as it was applied to specific jobs as well as interpretations of the manual as the committee applied the job evaluation system to these positions.
  5. All requests that meet the requirements for review will be considered by the committee prior to .....(date).....
  6. All jobholders requesting a review of any factors will be notified of the committee's decision.

Job evaluation project

Request for review

Please complete a separate form for each factor decision you wish to have reviewed by the job evaluation committee.

Name _____________________________________

Job title __________________________________________

I acknowledge that I have received the position banding list and explanatory memorandum. I have reviewed this material and understand essentially how decisions are made in the job evaluation process.

I wish for the job evaluation review committee to review the following factor(s) in the evaluation of my positions.

In factor X, the score given was _________

I believe that factor would be more appropriately scored as __________.

My reasons are the following:

_________________________________________

_________________________________________

_________________________________________

_________________________________________

_________________________________________

_________________________________________

_________________________________________

 

Signed _______________________________

Date_________________________________

In deciding the outcome of any review, the committee reserves the right to review any and all factors for any position for which a review is requested, The committee may:

  • accept new findings and vary the banding; or
  • disallow the requested review and make no changes; or
  • make such determination as it considers appropriate,

Dorfox Foundation

Appendix H - Report on remuneration outcomes

Compliance with Gender-inclusive Job Evaluation Standard #4.7.1.2(a)(b)(c)(d)

This report will compare the pre and post job evaluation outcomes, including in the comparison an analysis of mixed jobs and jobs mainly held by women or men

This report will monitor and review the final pay outcomes including analysis by gender

This report will analyse by gender the final pay rates for jobs evaluated as being equal or substantially similar in size

This report will discuss the reasons for remuneration differences when occupations with jobs mainly held by women or men are the same or substantially the same size

For Further Information

Further information including a link to how to purchase copies of the Gender-inclusive Job Evaluation Standard is available on the website: http://www.dol.govt.nz/services/Pay
AndEmploymentEquity/resources/index.asp

Resources such as Gender Bias in Job Evaluation: A Resource Collection and A Guide to the Gender-inclusive Job Evaluation Standard NZS 8007:2006 are available directly from the Pay and Employment Equity Unit (phone 04 915 4433 or email equity@dol.govt.nz.)